1-Butene
n-Butylene generally refers to 1-butene (chemical formula C₄H₈), which is one of the four isomers of butene. It is a very important basic chemical feedstock in the industry.
Below is a breakdown of its core information from several aspects:
🧪 Basic Information
Identity: Among the four butene isomers, 1-butene is scientifically known as n-butylene, also referred to as α-butylene.
Physical State: It is a colorless gas at room temperature and pressure, with a faint aromatic odor.
Basic Physical Properties: Its boiling point is very low (approx. -6.3°C). It is insoluble in water but readily soluble in alcohols, ethers, and other organic solvents. It is highly flammable and can form explosive mixtures with air (explosive limit: 1.6%–10%).
⚙️ Main Uses
The value of n-butylene lies primarily in its chemical applications. It serves as a key link between the petrochemical industry and a wide range of downstream products.
As a Comonomer: It is an important comonomer in the production of Linear Low-Density Polyethylene (LLDPE), where it helps adjust the mechanical properties of the final plastic product through copolymerization.
Synthesis of Other Chemicals: It is a raw material for synthesizing sec-butyl alcohol and butadiene (an important monomer for synthetic rubber). Additionally, through isomerization, n-butylene can be converted into the more valuable isobutylene, which is then used to produce butyl rubber, MTBE (methyl tert-butyl ether), and other products.
🏭 Production and Safety
Main Sources: Industrially, it is primarily obtained by separating the C4 fraction, a byproduct from petroleum catalytic cracking or ethylene cracking units. Since the boiling points of 1-butene and isobutylene are extremely close (differing by only 0.6°C), the separation and purification process is technically challenging.
Safety Risks: As a highly flammable gas, it must be stored and transported away from sources of ignition and heat. It has a certain narcotic and asphyxiating effect; inhalation of high concentrations may pose health risks. Therefore, adequate ventilation is essential during handling operations.
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