1. Chemical Overview
1-Butene (also known as 1-butylene, α-butylene, or but-1-ene) is a linear monounsaturated hydrocarbon with the molecular formula C₄H₈. It is the simplest alkene with a double bond at the first carbon (α-position).
IUPAC Name: But-1-ene
CAS No.: [106-98-9]
Molecular Weight: 56.11 g/mol
Boiling Point: -6.3°C (20.7°F)
Melting Point: -185.3°C (-301.5°F)
Density: 0.62 g/cm³ (at 20°C)
Appearance: Colorless gas (at room temperature) or compressed liquid (under pressure)
2. Production Methods
Steam Cracking of Naphtha/Ethane:
Produced as a byproduct in ethylene plants.
Separated via fractional distillation.
Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Butane:
Using catalysts (e.g., Pt/Al₂O₃) to remove hydrogen.
Oligomerization of Ethylene:
Via Ziegler-Natta or metallocene catalysts.
FCC (Fluid Catalytic Cracking) in Refineries:
Obtained from C₄ streams in petroleum refining.
3. Key Applications
A. Polymer Industry (Major Use)
Linear Low-Density Polyethylene (LLDPE):
Copolymerized with ethylene to improve flexibility and toughness.
High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE):
Used as a comonomer to adjust polymer properties.
Polybutene-1 (PB-1):
A specialty plastic for pipes, packaging, and adhesives.
B. Chemical Intermediate
Butyraldehyde & Butanol: Via hydroformylation (Oxo process).
Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK): Used in solvents and coatings.
Synthetic Lubricants & Plasticizers: Alkylated derivatives.
C. Fuel & Additives
Alkylate Gasoline: Enhances octane rating.
Isooctane Production: For high-performance fuels.
4. Storage & Handling
Physical State: Shipped as a liquefied gas under pressure.
Storage: In carbon steel or stainless steel containers.
Safety Hazards:
Highly flammable (Class 2.1 gas).
Forms explosive mixtures with air (1.6–9.3% vol).
May cause asphyxiation in high concentrations.
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