1-Butene

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1-Butene (chemical formula: C₄H₈), also known as n-butylene, is an important basic chemical raw material. At room temperature and pressure, it appears as a colorless, odorless (or slightly odorous) flammable gas. It is insoluble in water but highly soluble in organic solvents like ethanol and diethyl ether.

Here is a detailed overview of 1-butene:

1. Physical and Chemical Properties

Basic Parameters: It has a molecular weight of 56.11, a melting point of -185.3℃, and a boiling point of approximately -6.3℃.

Physical Characteristics: Its gas is heavier than air, allowing it to diffuse over long distances at lower levels. It poses a flashback hazard when exposed to an ignition source.

Chemical Characteristics: The molecule contains a carbon-carbon double bond, giving it strong reactivity. It can undergo various chemical reactions, including addition, polymerization, and cyclization.

2. Main Applications

1-Butene plays a versatile role in the modern chemical industry and is widely used across various sectors:

Synthetic Rubber and Plastics: It is a crucial raw material for producing butadiene, isoprene, and synthetic rubber. It is also a key ingredient in manufacturing high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polybutylene, significantly enhancing the strength, chemical resistance, and processability of plastics.

Organic Chemical Intermediates: It is extensively used to synthesize various intermediates, such as chloroprene rubber, n-butanol, sec-butanol, maleic acid, and 1,4-butanediol.

Energy and Fuels: As a vital fuel component, it serves as an additive in the refining process to effectively improve the combustion performance and calorific value of fuels.

Pharmaceuticals and Agriculture: Its derivatives are used as synthetic raw materials for certain drugs and pesticides, or as solvents and additives for agrochemicals.

3. Production and Sources

The industrial sources and production methods for 1-butene mainly include:

Petroleum Refining and Cracking: The most common method is separating and purifying 1-butene from the co-produced C4 fraction in refinery fluid catalytic cracking units or petrochemical steam cracking plants.

Isomerization Reactions: Through butene isomerization, other lower-molecular-weight olefins (such as 2-butene) are converted into high-purity 1-butene using catalysts.

Other Processes: 1-butene can be obtained as a byproduct in the Methanol-to-Olefins (MTO) process. Additionally, butane dehydrogenation and ethylene oligomerization can also be used to produce it.

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