N-octane
Introduction to n-Octane
1. Basic Information
CAS No.: 111-65-9
Molecular Formula: C8H18,Skeleton symbol:CH3(CH2)6CH3
Molecular Weight: 114.23
Category: Straight-chain saturated alkane (n-C8 alkane)
UN Hazardous Goods Number: UN1262
2. Comparison: n-Octane vs Isooctane
| Item | n-Octane (n-C₈H₁₈) | Isooctane (2,2,4-trimethylpentane) |
|---|---|---|
| Molecular Structure | Straight 8-carbon chain | Highly branched chain |
| RON (Research Octane Number) | 0 (very poor antiknock property) | 100 (excellent antiknock property) |
| Boiling Point | 125.7°C | 99.3°C |
| Gasoline Application | Only for calibration standard, rarely blended | Core blending component of gasoline |
Short Version
n-Octane (CAS 111-65-9, C₈H₁₈) is a straight-chain saturated alkane with UN No. UN1262. It is a colorless volatile liquid insoluble in water but miscible with most organic solvents, featuring a flash point of 13°C and high flammability. Chemically stable at ambient temperature, it undergoes combustion, halogenation and catalytic isomerization. As the benchmark for octane rating, its RON equals 0 due to terrible antiknock capacity. Industrially it is separated from crude oil distillates and purified via hydrogenation. It acts as standard reference fuel for gasoline knocking testing, chromatographic solvent, industrial cleaner and synthetic intermediate. Hazard-wise, its heavy vapor tends to spread and flash back. Inhalation, ingestion or skin exposure may cause neural suppression, aspiration pneumonia and dermatitis. It is toxic to aquatic life and must be stored and transported under Class 3 flammable liquid standards, with full ventilation and personal protective equipment required during operation. It differs sharply from branched isooctane, which has RON=100 and serves as major gasoline blending stock.
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