Propylene R1270
Here's the translation of the introduction about propylene:
Propylene is the second most important petrochemical raw material after ethylene, and a core basic feedstock for the three major synthetic materials (plastics, synthetic fibers, and synthetic rubbers).
🔬 Basic Properties
Propylene is a colorless gas with a faintly sweet or hydrocarbon-like odor at normal temperature and pressure.
Chemical Information: Molecular formula C₃H₆, molecular weight 42.08, CAS No. 115-07-1.
Physical Properties: Melting point approx. -185°C, boiling point approx. -47°C. Liquid density approx. 0.5 g/cm³, gas density approx. 1.8 kg/m³. Slightly soluble in water, readily soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol and ether.
Hazard Characteristics: Classified as a Class 2.1 flammable gas, with a flash point as low as -108°C and an explosive limit of 2% to 11%. Highly explosive upon exposure to open flame or high temperatures. During storage and transportation, it must be liquefied under pressure or refrigeration and sealed in specialized pressure vessels.
🏭 Production and Market
Global propylene production capacity has grown rapidly in recent years, with China being the absolute driver of this growth.
Global Landscape: Global propylene capacity reached approximately 180 million tons/year in 2024. Production is heavily concentrated in Northeast Asia, North America, and Western Europe, which together account for about 74% of global capacity. China's share of global capacity has risen to 39%.
Domestic Capacity: China's total propylene capacity reached 69.73 million tons/year in 2024, with a compound annual growth rate of approximately 12% over the past five years. Capacity is highly concentrated in East China (~50%), South China (16%), and Northwest China (16%).
Production Processes: There are four primary production processes:
| Production Process | Feedstock | Characteristics |
|---|---|---|
| Steam Cracking | Naphtha, ethane | By-product of ethylene production; stable product quality |
| Catalytic Cracking (FCC) | Heavy fractions of crude oil | By-product of oil refining; large volume but lower purity |
| Propane Dehydrogenation (PDH) | Propane | High product purity; highly sensitive to propane feedstock prices |
| Coal/Methanol to Olefins (CTO/MTO) | Coal, methanol | Reduces dependence on oil; high energy consumption and complex process |
🧩 Industrial Chain and Major Applications
Propylene is a central hub in the petrochemical value chain, with approximately 68% of its downstream consumption dedicated to the production of polypropylene (PP) .
Polypropylene (PP) : Accounts for approximately 62% to 68% of consumption. Widely used in woven bags, BOPP films, automotive parts, appliance housings, non-woven fabrics, etc. China's PP capacity exceeded 50 million tons/year in 2024, accounting for about 50% of global capacity.
Propylene Oxide (PO) : Accounts for approximately 8% of consumption; a key raw material for polyurethane foams and insulation materials.
Acrylonitrile: Accounts for approximately 6% of consumption; used in the production of ABS resins and acrylic fibers.
Other Chemicals: Also used to produce butanol/octanol, acrylic acid (coatings, adhesives), phenol/acetone, among others.
📉 Market Outlook
The global propylene market is currently facing oversupply pressure. In 2025, prices and profit margins across various regions have been squeezed due to weak downstream demand and high inventory levels. The rapid expansion of China's PDH capacity is one of the primary reasons for the supply glut in the Asian market.
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