Methane (CH₄), acting as the carbon source, is decomposed into carbon atoms and hydrogen gas under high temperature (approximately 800-1000°C) and low pressure conditions using plasma (microwave or DC discharge). The carbon atoms are then deposited layer by layer onto a diamond substrate (such as a diamond seed crystal or a specific base), growing a diamond crystal.
1. Gas Mixture: Methane is mixed with hydrogen (H₂), usually with a small amount of oxygen or carbon dioxide added to optimize growth.
2. Decomposition and Deposition: The plasma dissociates the methane, producing active carbon-based species that form a diamond structure on the substrate surface.
3. Quality Control: By adjusting the methane concentration, temperature, and pressure, the purity, color, and growth rate of the diamond can be controlled.
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