n-Hexane (C₆H₁₄) – Technical Overview
1. Basic Properties
Chemical Formula: C₆H₁₄ (straight-chain alkane)
Appearance: Colorless, volatile liquid with faint gasoline-like odor
Key Parameters:
Boiling Point: 69°C (156°F)
Flash Point: -22°C (-8°F) – Highly flammable
Density: 0.659 g/cm³ (lighter than water)
Solubility: Insoluble in water, miscible with most organic solvents
2. Primary Industrial Uses
A. Extraction & Solvent Applications
Vegetable Oil Processing: Dominant use (~60% global demand) for soybean/canola oil extraction
Adhesive Formulations: Key component in rubber cements, shoe glues
Pharmaceuticals: Extraction solvent for APIs and botanicals
B. Chemical Feedstock
Laboratory Reagent: For chromatography (HPLC/GC grade)
Polymer Production: Used in polyethylene/polypropylene synthesis
C. Specialty Applications
Lithium Battery Manufacturing: Electrolyte solvent (high-purity grades)
Cleaning Agent: Degreasing metal/electronic components
3. Safety & Handling
Neurotoxin Risk: Prolonged inhalation causes peripheral nerve damage (OSHA PEL: 500 ppm)
Explosion Hazard: Class IB flammable liquid (NFPA 704: Health-1, Flammability-3)
Protection Required:
Chemical goggles + respirator (organic vapor cartridge)
Explosion-proof equipment in handling areas
4. Regulatory Status
REACH: Registered with usage restrictions in EU
US EPA: Listed VOC (Volatile Organic Compound)
Alternatives: Being replaced by heptane/isohexane in some applications
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