Isobutane is an important petrochemical raw material and fuel additive. Its synthesis methods are mainly divided into two categories: extraction from natural resources and synthesis through chemical reactions.
Extraction from natural resources:
1. Petroleum refining byproduct
Isobutane mainly originates from petroleum processing:
- Catalytic cracking: During the cracking of heavy oil to produce gasoline, C4 fractions (liquefied petroleum gas) are produced as a byproduct, containing approximately 20-30% isobutane, which can be separated by distillation.
- Natural gas processing: Isobutane can be obtained from the C4 components in wet natural gas or associated gas from oil fields through condensation separation.
- Straight-run gasoline processing: Some light straight-run fractions of crude oil contain isobutane, which can be extracted through fractional distillation.
2. Shale gas development
Shale gas is rich in liquefied hydrocarbons (NGL), and isobutane can be obtained through fractional distillation, making it one of the important sources currently.
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