Ehtane R170
1.Basic Properties
Ethane is the second member of the alkane homologous series and the simplest hydrocarbon containing a carbon-carbon single bond.
Chemical Formula: C₂H₆ (structural formula: CH₃-CH₃)
Molecular Weight: 30.07
Appearance: Colorless, odorless gas
Melting Point: -183.3°C
Boiling Point: -88.6°C
Density: Relative density (water=1) is 0.45; gas density approx. 1.36 g/L
Solubility: Insoluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol and acetone, soluble in benzene
Flash Point: < -50°C (approx. -135°C by closed cup method)
Autoignition Temperature: 472°C
Explosion Limits: Lower limit approx. 3.0%, upper limit approx. 16.0% (by volume)
Structural Characteristics
The C-C single bond in ethane can rotate freely, giving rise to different conformations. The staggered conformation is the most stable, where the hydrogen atoms on the two carbon atoms are farthest apart, minimizing repulsion. The eclipsed conformation has the highest internal energy and is the least stable.
2.Main Uses
Ethane plays an increasingly important role in the chemical industry and energy sectors.
🏭 Chemical Feedstock – Ethylene Production (Primary Use)
This is the most important use of ethane. Through steam cracking, ethane produces ethylene, offering significant advantages over traditional processes:
High Yield: Ethylene yield from ethane is approx. 80%, twice that of naphtha-based processes
Low Cost: 30-50% cheaper than naphtha-based ethylene production
Low Energy Consumption: Consumes 30% less energy than coal-based ethylene
More Environmentally Friendly: Lower carbon emissions and pollutant discharge
Currently, ethane-to-ethylene projects in China have entered a phase of large-scale implementation. The share of this process in ethylene production has risen to 12.4%, with impressive plant profitability (up to nearly 1,000 yuan/ton). Ethylene derivatives are widely used in packaging, agriculture, construction, textiles, electronics, automotive, and other sectors.
❄️ Refrigerant
Ethane can be used as a refrigerant in freezing facilities. In scientific research, liquid ethane is used in electron microscopy: aqueous samples are rapidly immersed in liquid ethane at -150°C or lower, rapidly freezing the water layer without forming ice crystals, thereby preserving the original structure of soft materials.
🔥 Fuel
Ethane is a natural component of natural gas (5-10% content) and can be used as a gaseous fuel for household heating, cooking, and industrial heating. In "bottled gas" or "suburban propane," ethane accounts for approximately 5%.
🧪 Organic Synthesis and Other Uses
Ethane can be used to synthesize intermediates such as ethanol, acetic acid, chloroethane, nitroethane, etc. These products are widely used in pharmaceuticals (e.g., aspirin, sulfonamides, and other drug synthesis), disinfectants, and organic solvents.
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